HOW TO READ HUMAN NATURE/PART 13
CHAPTER XIII
THE PERCEPTIVE QUALITIES
The eighth group is known as the Perceptive Qualities, composed of thefollowingparticular Qualities, respectively: Observation; Form Size; Weight; Color; Order; Calculation; Tune; Time; Locality; Eventuality,and Words. This group manifests outer form in the lower part of the forehead, in the region of the eye. (See Fig. 9.) When large this group often gives to the upper forehead the appearance of "retreating" or sloping backward. Prof. O. S. Fowler says of the appearance of those Qualities which manifest outer form under the eyebrows: "The following rule for observing their size obviates the objection sometimes urged that the eyebrows and their arches prevent the correct diagnosis of these smaller organs crowded so thickly together. The rule is: The shape of the eyebrows reveals the size, absolute and relative, of each, thus: When all are large, the eyebrow is long and arching; when all are deficient, it is short and straight; when some are large and others small, it arches over the large ones, but passes horizontally over those which are small. This rule is infallible." The other Qualities of the group, according to Prof. Sizer, "is located above the eyes, and ... constitute about one-third of the depth of the forehead, beginning at the arch of the eye."
Fig. 9
THE PERCEPTIVE QUALITIES
Observation. This Quality
was given the name of "Individuality" by the early phrenologists, but
this term is considered misleading, owing to the later usage of that term. It
manifests in a strong desire to observe, see, examine, inspect, and "know"
the things of the objective life. Those in whom it is largely developed feel
the insatiable urge of the inquisitive spirit; they desire to investigate
everything coming under their notice. Many little details in the objects or
subjects in which they are interested are noticed by them, while overlooked by
the majority of people.
Prof.
Sizer says of it that it "gives a recognition of things and the special
points and facts of subjects; quickness of observation is an important element
in the acquisition of knowledge.... Those in whom it is large are eager to
see all that may be seen, and nothing escapes their attention. It opens the
door for the action of all the other perceptive organs.... They are quick to
notice everything that is presented to the eye; and it goes farther, and
enables us to recognize that which we touch, or sounds we hear. The rattling
strokes of a drum are distinct noises, and each is an individuality."
Prof.
O. S. Fowler, says: "It is adapted, and adapts men to the divisibility of
matter, or that natural attribute which allows it to be subdivided
indefinitely. Yet each division maintains a personal existence. It thus puts
man in relation and contact with a world full of things for his inspection, as
well as excites in him an insatiable desire to examine everything. It is
therefore the looking faculty. Its distinctive office is to
observe things. It asks: 'What is this?' and says, 'Show me that!'... Before we
can know the uses, properties, causes, etc., of things, we must first know that
such things exist, and of this Observation informs us."
This
Quality is largely involved in the process of Attention. It usually manifests
in the form of involuntary attention, that is, attention to
interesting things. But, under the influence of the will, with Firmness large,
it manifests voluntary attention, or attention or study of objects
not interesting in themselves, but which it is important to study and know. It
is largely developed in children and undeveloped adults in the phase of
curiosity or desire to observe new things. In adults, of
developed minds, it manifests as attention to things of material
interest and important subjects or objects of study. This Quality is
the master of its associated Qualities in this group, and is involved in all of
their activities.
It
manifests outer form in the middle of the lower part of the forehead, between
the inner ends of the eyebrows, and above the top of the nose—"just above
the root of the nose," in fact. Prof. O. S. Fowler says: "When it is
large, the eyebrows flex downward at their nasal ends, and the lower part of
the forehead projects. When it is deficient, the eyebrows are straight at their
inner ends, and come close together" (See group figure).
Form. This Quality manifests
in a cognizance, appreciation, and recollection of the form and shape of
objects observed. Those in whom it is large most readily perceive, recognize
and remember details of form and shape, faces, etc. It manifests outer form
between, and slightly above, the eyes, on each side of Observation (see group
figure). When large it tends to push the eyes apart and outward. Sizer says:
"The width between the eyes is the indication of its development.... When
small the eyes are nearer together, which gives a pinched expression to that
part of the face; when the organ is large, the eyes appear to be separated,
pushing away from the root of the nose. Distinguished artists have the eyes
widely separated." Audobon said of Bewick, an eminent English
wood-engraver, "His eyes were placed farther apart than those of any man I
have ever seen."
Size. This Quality manifests
in a cognizance, appreciation, and recollection of the size and magnitude of
objects observed. Those in whom it is large most readily perceive, recognize
and remember the size, dimensions, proportion, distance, height and depth,
quantity, bulk of things. It manifests outer form on each side of
Observation, but a little lower down (see group figure), in the angle formed by
the root of the nose and arch of the eyebrows. Prof. O. S. Fowler says: "In
proportion as it is large it causes the inner portion of the eyebrows to
project over the inner portions of the eyes, quite like the eaves of a house,
forming a shed over the inner portion of each eye."
Weight. This Quality manifests
in a cognizance, appreciation, and recollection of weight, balance
and gravity of things. Those in whom it is large most readily
perceive, recognize, and remember the weight of things; and also things out of
balance or plumb. These people seem to have the faculty of balancing themselves
nicely, and keeping their feet on a slippery surface, on a tight-rope, etc.,
and often walk with a swinging, free motion, indicating a sense of balance and
security. This Quality manifests under the eyebrows, next to Size, about a half
inch from the upper part of the nose, rising somewhat above the inner part of
the eyeball and the bridge of the nose. Prof. O. S. Fowler says: "Draw a
perpendicular line from the centre of each eye up to the eyebrow; Weight
is internally, and Color externally of this line
under the eyebrows."
Color. This Quality manifests
in a cognizance, appreciation, and recollection of the color, hue, shade, and
tint of things. Those in whom it is large most readily perceive, recognize and
remember the colors, shadings, blendings and combination of tints, and to
compare, match and harmonize colors instinctively. It manifests outer form
under the eyebrows, just back of Weight (see rule for finding, in last
paragraph), and occupies the space directly under the centre of the arch of the
eyebrows (see group figure). When largely developed it gives an upward and
forward arch to the eyebrows.
Order. This Quality manifests
in a cognizance, appreciation, and recollection of order, method
and arrangement. Those in whom it is large most readily perceive,
recognize, and remember the order and sequence in which objects appear or are
arranged. They are very methodical, precise, and pay attention to details of
arrangement and system. They "have a place for everything," and
like to "keep everything in its place." In business they are
"strong on system," sometimes overdoing it. They are also fond of
rules, laws, customs, and codes, and adhere strictly thereto. They like
everything pigeon-holed, labelled, or else fenced in and off from every other
thing. Are also great disciplinarians. This Quality manifests outer form next
to Color, and beneath the junction of the bony ridges (on the sides of the
head) and the eyebrows, (see group figure). Prof. O. S. Fowler says: "When
very large it forms an arch, almost an angle, in the eyebrows at this point,
accompanied by its projection or hanging over.... When small, the eyebrows at
this point retire, and are straight and flat, wanting that arched projection
given by large Order." Combe says: "Its large development produces a
square appearance at the external angle of the lower part of the
forehead."
Calculation. This Quality
manifests in a cognizance,appreciation,andrecollectionof number, figures, calculations, etc. Those
in whom it is largely developed most readily perceive, recognize, and remember
anything concerned with the number of things, or calculations
based thereon. They are natural arithmeticians and mathematicians. Calculation
comes easy to them, and in cases of high development they may be said to
"think mathematically." This Quality manifests outer form next to
Order, and under the outer ends of the eyebrows (see group figure).
Prof.
O. S. Fowler, says: "It elongates the ends of the eyebrows laterally, and
flexes them horizontally in proportion as it is developed, yet when deficient
the eyebrow is left short externally, does not project beyond the eye, and
terminates running downwards." Gall says: "Its
convolution is a continuation of the lowest convolution of Tune, and is placed
on the most external part of the orbital plate, in a furrow running from before
backwards. When it is very large it depresses the external part of the plate,
so that the superorbital arch is irregular, except in its internal part; its
external line representing a straight line, which descends obliquely. Hence the
external part of the eyelid is depressed, and conceals the corresponding part
of the eye."
Tune. This Quality manifests
in a cognizance, appreciation, and recollection of tune, music, harmony, melody,
etc. Those in whom it is large most readily perceive, recognize, and remember
all connected with the subject of Music. It is the musical sense, taste and
faculty. Its characteristics are too well-known to require elaboration. It
manifests outer form in the lateral and lower part of the forehead, above Order
and Calculation, in front of Constructiveness, and back of Time (see group
figure). Prof. O. S. Fowler says: "When large it fills out the lower,
frontal portions of the temples.... Still, being located in a kind of corner
... and the temporal muscle passing over it, its position varies somewhat,
which renders observation more difficult, except in the heads of children, in
whom it is generally larger than in adults."
Time. This Quality manifests
in a cognizance, appreciation, and recollection of time, duration, rhythm, etc. Those
in whom it is large most readily perceive, recognize, and remember all
connected with the flight of time, dates, duration, periodicity,
chronology, etc. Spurzheim says of it that it, "perceives the
duration, simultaneousness, and succession of phenomena." It may be called
"the time sense" which is so apparent in some persons, and so
noticeable by reason of its absence in others. It manifests outer form above Color
and Weight, in front of Tune, and back of Locality (see group figure).
Locality. This Quality manifests
in a cognizance, appreciation, and recollection of places, positions, locations, directions,
etc. Those in whom it is large most readily perceive, recognize, and remember
places, directions, positions, land-marks, points-of-the compass, roads, paths,
streets, and other things having to do with space. Such persons are
never "lost" nor confused as to direction or locality; they have an
almost instinctive "sense of direction." It is the geographical or
traveller's sense. It is found large in the majority of travellers, sailors,
civil engineers, etc. Persons in whom it is large can find themselves about a
strange city without trouble, and will remember old scenes, places, locations
for years. Those in whom it is weak frequently "get lost," or
mixed up regarding place, position and direction.
It
manifests outer form over Size and Weight, or about three-quarters of an inch
above the inner half of the eyebrows, and runs upwards and outwards (see group
figure). It is said to have been immensely developed and apparent in Capt.
Cook, the eminent explorer, and the portraits of Columbus and other great
explorers and travellers show a distinct enlargement of this locality. Gall, who
discovered the location of this Quality, took casts of the heads of noted
explorers and travellers, and others manifesting the "sense of place and
direction," and upon comparing them, "found in them all, in the
region directly over the eyes, two large prominences, which began just inside
the root of the nose, and ascended obliquely upwards and outwards as far as the
middle of the forehead." Dr. Caldwell states that, "Daniel Boone who
was perpetually going from one place to another, was the most celebrated hunter
and woodsman of his age, and possessed this organ in a degree of
development so bold and prominent that it deformed his face."
Eventuality. This Quality manifests
in a cognizance, appreciation and recollection of facts, events, happenings, occurrences, news, etc. Those
in whom it is large most readily perceive, recognize and remember striking
events, facts, doings, occurrences—in short, news. Such persons
have the "nose for news" which is so important to the newspaper man,
scientific investigator, researcher in any line, and general investigator. It
is the "historical faculty," and the "journalistic sense,"
as well as an important part of the "scientific instinct." These
people make good witnesses, story tellers, and entertainers. They know
"what is going on," and are the people to go to when one wishes to
"hear the news," or to learn the past history of anything or anybody.
This
Quality manifests outer form in the centre of the forehead, immediately above
Observation, and in front of Locality (see group figure). When large it tends
to "fill out" the middle of the forehead. Prof. O. S. Fowler says:
"It sometimes seems deficient, because the surrounding organs are
large, whereas close inspection shows it to be large. Steady the head with the
left hand, and place the second finger of the right in the very centre of the
forehead, firmly on the head, and then work the skin horizontally. If your finger
caresses an up-and-down ridge about the size of a pipe-stem, this faculty is
vigorous, and has been much used and strengthened by culture of late years.
Where it is not noticeably full, but has been taxed by business or literary
pursuits, or had a great many little things to do for years, it appears
deficient to the eye, but the rule just given for this perpendicular pipe-stem
ridge signifies great activity and vigor in it." (See group figure.)
Words. This Quality manifests
in a cognizance, appreciation and recollection of words, terms, phrases, etc.,
and their meanings. Those in whom it is large most readily perceive, recognize
and remember the words, expressions, gestures and other modes of communication
between the minds of men, and are proficient not only in perceiving and
understanding them, but also in employing and using them. It is the taste,
power, and ability to receive verbal Impressions and to manifest verbal
Expression. It produces the orator, and the adept in the use of words in writing.
To those persons in whom it is largely developed, words take on life and
reality, and become living thought. In excess, it produces verbosity,
talkativeness, and "windiness" of expression. When deficient, it
renders one unable to properly express himself. It manifests outer form above
and partly behind the superorbital plates, which form the roof of the sockets
of the eyes, and when large tends to press the eyes forward and downward. Its
location was discovered by Gall, who observed that those fluent in the use of
words almost always had full and prominent eyes, and prominent
under eye-lids. The fullness of the eyes and lower eyelids, therefore, is
its distinguishing mark.
Professor
O. S. Fowler says: "See how the eyes stand out beyond the cheekbone—the
best standard points from which to estimate its size, because, though it may be
large, yet the Perceptives may be still larger, in which case the latter will
project forward still farther even beyond large Expression. (Words). Hence
the fullness of the eyes should not be compared with the eyebrows as much
as with the bone below them, which not being subject to kindred
mutations, forms a correct measuring point of observation." The pressure
outward of the under eyelids, is a good sign of the development of this Quality.
It may be objected to that Quality of Words is not, strictly speaking, a Perceptive,
but when it is realized that before words may be fluently used, they must
be perceived, recognized, and remembered,
the reason for our inclusion of this Quality in the Perceptive class may be
understood.
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