MIND AND BODY/PART 3
CHAPTER III
THE CELL-MINDS
Modern science has
demonstrated that the human body is composed of a multitude of microscopic
cells, that is, that the muscles, nerves, tissues, blood, bones, hair and nails
are made up of minute cells, and groups of cells. Virchow says: “It is of the
cells that the tissues are built up and the nerves formed. There is no part of
the human body in which the cell is not seen. All these cells are
neuclated—have in them a central life-spot like the yolk of an egg. Each cell
is born, reproduces itself, dies and is absorbed. The maintenance of life and
health depends upon the constant regeneration of the cells. When man can
control the life and death of the cell he becomes the creator.” Medical science
now practically asserts that disease of the body is really disease of the cells
of which the body is composed, and that all healing of the body must consist of
the healing of the cells—that is, of restoring the cells to normal
activity and functioning.
The following quotation
from Hudson, following Stephens, is interesting: “An aggregation of cells
became a confederation, with its differentiation of cell functions and still
further division of labor. As a result of a long process of such
differentiation, the organisms of the larger animals and of man came to be composed,
as we find them, of thirty or more different species of cells. For example, we
have the muscle cells, whose vital energies are devoted to the office of
contraction, or vigorous shortening of length; connective-tissue cells, whose
office is mainly to produce and conserve a tough fibre for binding together and
covering in the organism; bone cells, whose life work is to select and
collocate salts of lime for the organic framework, levers and joints; hair,
nail, horn and feather cells, which work in silicates for the protection,
defense, and ornamentation of the organism; gland cells, whose motif in
living has come to be the abstraction from the blood of substances which are
recombined to produce juices needed to aid the various processes or steps
of digestion; blood cells, which have assumed the laborious function of general
carriers, scavengers, and repairers of the organism; eye, ear, nasal and palate
cells, which have become the special artificers of complicated apparatus for
transmitting light, sound, odors, and flavors to the highly sentient brain
cells; pulmonary cells, which elaborate a tissue for the introduction of oxygen
and the elimination of carbon dioxide and other waste products; hepatic (liver)
cells, which have, in response to the needs of the organism, descended to the
menial office of living on the waste products and converting them into chemical
reagents to facilitate digestion—these and numerous other species of cells; and
lastly, most important and of greatest interest, brain and nerve cells.”
The various cells of the
body are constantly busy, each performing its particular task, either singly or
in connection with other cells in the cell-group. Like a great arm, the cells
are divided into classes, some being engaged in the active daily work, while
others are held back on the reserve line. Some are engaged in building up the
tissues, muscles and bones, while others are busy manufacturing the juices,
secretions, fluids and chemical compounds required in the great laboratory of
the body. Some remain at their posts, stationary during their entire life,
while others remain stationary only until the call comes for their services,
while a third class are in constant motion from place to place either following
regular routes or else travelling under a roving commission. Some of the moving
cells act as carriers of material—the hod-carriers of the body, while others
move about doing special repair work such as the healing of wounds, etc., while
others still are the scavengers and street cleaners of system, and others form
the cell army and cell police force. The body has been compared to a vast
communistic or socialistic colony, each member of which cheerfully devotes his
life-work, and often his life itself, to the common good. The brain cells are
of course the most highly organized, and the most highly differentiated of the
cells. The nerve cells constitute a living telegraph system over which is
carried the messages from the several parts of the body, each cell being
in close contact with its neighbor on each side—the nerve cells practically
clasp hands and form a living chain of communication.
The blood cells are
important members of the cell-community, and are exceedingly numerous, there
being over 75,000,000,000 of the red-blood cells alone. These red-blood cells
move in the blood currents, carrying through the arteries each its little load
of oxygen which it transports to the distant tissues that they may be
invigorated and vitalized anew; and, returning, carrying through the veins the
debris and waste products of the system to the great crematory of the lungs
where the waste is burnt and thrown off from the body. Like the ships that sail
the sea, each cell carries its outgoing cargo, and returns with another one.
Some of these cells perform the office of special repairers, forcing their way
through the walls of the blood-vessels and penetrating the tissues in order to
perform their special tasks. There are several other kinds of cells in the
blood besides the carriers just mentioned. There are the wonderful soldier and
police cells which maintain order and fight battles when necessary. The police
cells are on the constant lookout for germs, bacteria and other microscopic
disturbers of the peace of the body. When these tiny policemen discover vagrant
germs, or criminal bacteria, they rush upon the intruder and tying him up in a
mesh, proceed to devour him. If the intruder be too large or vigorous, a call
for assistance is sent out, and the reserve police rush to the assistance of
their brothers and overpower the disturber of the peace. Sometimes when the
vagrants are too numerous, the policemen throw them out from the body, by means
of pimples, boils and similar eruptions. In case of infectious diseases, an
army corps is ordered out in full strength and a royal fight is waged between
the invading army and the defenders of home and country.
Some of the blood cells
take a part in the process of extracting from the food its nourishing
particles, and then carrying the same through the blood-channels to all parts
of the body, where it is used to feed and nourish the stationary cells there
located. These cells manufacture the chemical juices of the body, such as
bile, gastric juice, pancreatic juices, milk, etc., in short the entire
physical process is carried on by these indefatigable tiny cells. The body of
each of us is simply a great community of cells of various kinds. The cells are
born by the form of reproduction common to all cells, that of sub-division.
Each cell grows until a certain size is reached, when it assumes a “dumb-bell”
shape, with a tiny waist line, which waist is afterward dissolved and the two
cells move away from each other. In this way, and this way alone, does the body
grow, the material required for the enlargement of the cell being supplied from
the food and nourishment partaken by the individual. Cells die after having
performed their life-work, and their corpses are carried through the veins by
the carrier cells, and cast into the crematory of the lungs where they are
consumed.
The body is constantly
undergoing a process of change and regeneration. Old cells are being cast off
every second, and new cells are taking their places. Our muscles, tissues,
hair, nails, nerves, brain substance, and even our bones are constantly being
made over and rebuilt. Our bodies to-day do not contain a single particle
of the material which composed them a few years back. A few weeks suffices to
replace our entire skin, and a few months to replace other parts of the body.
If a sufficiently large microscope could be placed over our bodies, we would
see each part of it as active as a hive of bees, each cell being in action and
motion, and the entire domestic work of the human hive being performed
according to law and order. Verily, “we are fearfully and wonderfully made.”
A number of the best
authorities have used the illustration of the process of the cells in healing
an ordinary wound, in order to show the activity and “mind” of the tiny cells.
We have become so accustomed to the natural healing of a wound, scratch or
broken skin, that we have grown to regard it as an almost mechanical process.
But, science shows us that there is manifested in the healing process a
marvellous degree of life and mind in the cells. Let us consider the process of
healing an ordinary wound, that we may see the cells at work. Let
us imagine that we are gazing at the wounded part through a marvellously
strong microscope which enables us to see every cell at work. If such a glass
were provided we should witness a scene similar to that now to be described.
In the first place, through
our glass, we should see the gaping wound enlarged to gigantic proportions. We
should see the torn skin, tissues, lymphatic and blood vessels, glands, muscles
and nerves. We would see the blood pouring forth washing away the dirt and
foreign substances that have entered the wound. We would then see the messages
calling for help flashing over the living telegraph wires of the nerves, each
nerve-cell rapidly passing the word to its neighbor until the great sympathetic
centres received the call and sounded the alarm and sent out a “hurry up” call
to the cells needed for the repair work. In the meantime the cells of the
blood, coming in contact with the outside air have begun to coagulate into a
sticky substance, which is the beginning of the scab, the purpose being to
close the wound and to hold the severed parts together. The repair cells
having now arrived at the scene of the accident begin to mend the break. The
tissue, nerve, and muscle cells, on each side of the wound begin to multiply
rapidly, receiving their nourishment from the blood cells, and quickly a cell
bridge is built up until the two severed edges of the wound are reunited. This
bridging is no haphazard process, for the presence of directing law and order
is apparent. The newly-born cells of the blood-vessels unite with their
brothers on the other side, evenly and in an orderly manner, new tubular
channels being formed skillfully. The cells of the connective tissues likewise
grow toward each other, and unite in the same orderly manner. The nerve-cells
repair their broken lines, just as do a gang of linemen repair the interrupted
telegraph system. The muscles are united in the same way. But mark you this,
there is no mistake in this connecting process—muscle does not connect with
nerve, nor blood-vessel with connective tissue. Finally, the inner repairs and
connections having been completed, the scab disappears and the cells of the
outer skin rebuild the outer covering, and the wound is healed. This process
may occupy a few hours, or many days, depending upon the character of the
wound, but the process is the same in all cases. The surgeon merely disinfects
and cleans the wound, and placing the parts together allows the cells to
perform their healing work, for no other power can perform the task. The
knitting together of a broken bone proceeds along the same lines—the surgeon
places the parts in juxtaposition, binds the limb together to prevent slipping,
and the cells do the rest.
When the body is well nourished,
the general system well toned up, and the mind cheerful and active, the repair
work proceeds rapidly. But when the physical system is run down, the body
poorly nourished, and the mind depressed and full of fear, the work is retarded
and interfered with. It is this healing power inherent in the cells that
physicians speak of as the vis vita or vis medicatrix
naturae, or “the healing power of nature.” Of it Dr. Patton says: “By the
term ‘efforts of nature’ we mean a certain curative or restorative principle,
or vis vita, implanted in every living or organized body,
constantly operative for its repair, preservation and health. This instinctive
endeavor to repair the human organism is signally shown in the event of a
severed or lost part, as a finger, for instance; for nature unaided will repair
and fashion a stump equal to one from the hands of an eminent surgeon....
Nature, unaided, may be equally potent in ordinary illness. Many individuals,
even when severely ill, either from motives of economy, prejudice, or
skepticism, remain at rest in bed, under favorable hygiene, regimen, etc., and
speedily get well without a physician or medicine.”
Dr. Schofield says:
“The vis medicatrix naturae is a very potent factor in the
amelioration of disease, if it only be allowed fair play. An exercise of faith,
as a rule, suspends the operation of adverse influences, and appeals strongly
through the consciousness, to the inner and underlying faculty of vital force (i.
e., unconscious mind).” Dr. Bruce says: “We are compelled to acknowledge a
power of natural recovery inherent in the body—a similar statement has been
made by writers on the principle of medicine in all ages.... The body does
possess a means and mechanism for modifying or neutralizing influences which it
cannot directly overcome.” Oliver Wendell Holmes says: “Whatever other theories
we hold we must recognize the ‘vis medicatrix naturae’ in some shape or
other.” Bruce says: “A natural power of the prevention and repair of disorders
and disease has as real and as active an existence within us, as have the
ordinary functions of the organs themselves.” Hippocrates said: “Nature is the
physician of diseases.” And Ambrose Pare wrote on the walls of the great
medical school, the Ecole de Medicine of Paris, these words: “Je le ponsez
et Dieu le guarit,” which translated is: “I dressed the wound, and God
healed it.”
It is of course true that
the life and mind in the cells is derived from the Subconscious Mind, in fact
the cells themselves may be said to embody the Subconscious
Mind, just as the cells of the brain embody the Conscious
Mind. In every cell there is to be found intelligence in a degree required for
the successful performance of the particular task of that cell. Hudson
says: “All organic tissue is made up of microscopic cells, each one of
which is a living, intelligent entity.” And, again, “The
subordinate intelligences are the cells of which the whole body is
composed, each of which is an intelligent entity, endowed with powers
commensurate with its functions.” In short, the cells of the body
are living organs for the expression and manifestation of the Subconscious Mind.
There is not a single cell, group, or part of the party which is devoid of
mind. Mind is imminent in the entire body, and in its every part, down to the
smallest cell.
The following quotation
from Dr. Thomson J. Hudson’s “Mental Medicine” clearly expresses a truth
conceded by modern science. Dr. Hudson says:
“It follows a
priori, that every cell in the body is endowed with intelligence; and this
is precisely what all biological science tells us is true. Beginning with the
lowest form of animal life, the humblest cytode, every living cell is endowed
with a wonderful intelligence. There is, in fact, no line to be
drawn between life and mind; that is to say, every living organism is a
mind organism, from the monera, crawling upon the bed of the ocean, to the most
highly differentiated cell in the cerebral cortex of man. Volumes have been
written to demonstrate that ‘psychological phenomena begin among the very
lowest class of beings; they are met with in every form of life, from the
simplest cellule to the most complicated organism. It is they that are the
essential phenomena of life, inherent in all protoplasm.’ (Binet.) It is, in
fact, an axiom of science that the lowest unicellular organism is endowed with
the potentialities of manhood. I have remarked that each living cell is endowed
with a wonderful intelligence. This is emphatically true, whether it is a
unicellular organism or a constituent element of a multicellular organism. Its
wonderful character consists not so much in the amount of intelligence
possessed by each individual cell, as it does in the quality of that
intelligence. That is to say, each cell is endowed with an instinctive, or
intuitive, knowledge of all that is essential to the preservation of its own
life, the conservation of its energies, and the perpetuation of its species. In
other words, it is endowed with an intuitive knowledge of the laws of its own
being, which knowledge is proportioned to its stage of development and adapted
to its environment.”
The cell has the
intelligence sufficient to enable it to seek nourishment, and to move from one
place to another in search for food or for other purposes. It holds to its food
when secured, and envelops it until it is absorbed and digested. It exercises
the power of choice, accepting and selecting one portion of food in preference
to another. It has the power of discriminating between nourishing food and the
reverse. The authorities show that it has a rudimentary memory, and avoids the
repetition of an unpleasant or painful experience, and also returns to the
locality in which it has previously secured food. Biological experiments have
shown that the cells are capable of experiencing surprise, pleasure and fear,
and that they experience different degrees of feeling, and react accordingly in
response to stimuli. Verworn, a biologist, even goes so far as to assert
that they habitually adapt means to ends, near and remote. In his remarkable
work on cell-life, “The Psychic Life of Micro-organisms,” Binet says: “We shall
not regard it as strange, perhaps, to find so complete a psychology in the
history of the lower organisms, when we call to mind that, agreeably to the
ideas of evolution now accepted, a higher animal is nothing more than a colony
of protozoans. Every one of the cells composing such an animal has retained its
primitive properties, giving them a higher degree of perfection by division of
labor and by selection. The epithelial cells that secrete the nails and hair
are organisms perfected with reference to the secretion of protective parts.
Similarly, the cells of the brain are organisms that have been perfected with
reference to psychical attributes.”
Dr. Schofield says: “That
life involves mind has, of course, like all else, been vigorously disputed and
equally vigorously affirmed. ‘Life,’ says Prof. Bascom, ‘is not force; it is
combining power. It is the product and presence of mind.’ ... The
extent to which the word mind may be employed as the inherent cause of
purposive movements in organisms is a very difficult question to solve. There
can be no doubt that the actual agents in such movements are the natural
forces, but behind these the directing and starting power seems to be
psychic.... There being an indwelling power, not only for purposive action in
each cell, but for endless combinations of cell activities for common ends not
at all connected with the mere nutrition of the single cell, but for the good
of the completed organism.” Dr. R. Dunn says: “From the first movement when the
primordial cell-germ of a human organism comes into being, the entire
individual is present, fitted for human destiny. From the same moment, matter,
life and mind are never for an instant separated, their union constituting the
essential work of our present existence.” Carpenter says: “The convertibility
of physical forces and correlation of these with the vital and the intricacy of
that nexus between mental and bodily activity which cannot be analyzed, all
lead upwards towards one and the same conclusion—the source of all power is
mind. And that physical conclusion is the apex of the pyramid which
has its foundation in the primitive instincts of humanity.”
Having seen the evidences
of life and mind in the single cell, let us now proceed to a consideration of
the intelligence or mind inherent and manifest in the groups of cells, large
and small, including the largest groups which compose the several organs of the
body. This line of investigation will lead us to a fuller understanding of the
influence of the mental states upon the health or disease of the organs and
parts. It will be seen that Mental Healing has a sound biological as well as a
psychological basis of truth, and that it is not necessary to invade the fields
of metaphysics or theology in order to find an explanation of the effect of
mind over body.
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