SCIENCE OF BREATH/PART 7
CHAPTER
VII.
FOUR
METHODS OF RESPIRATION.
In
the consideration of the question of respiration, we must begin by considering
the mechanical arrangements whereby the respiratory movements are effected. The
mechanics of respiration manifest through (1) the elastic movements of the
lungs, and (2) the activities of the sides and bottom of the thoracic cavity in
which the lungs are contained. The thorax is that portion of the trunk between
the neck and the abdomen, the cavity of which (known as the thoracic cavity) is
occupied mainly by the lungs and heart. It is bounded by the spinal column, the
ribs with their cartilages, the breastbone, and below by the diaphragm. It is
generally spoken of as "the chest." It has been compared to a completely
shut, conical box, the small end of which Is turned upward, the back of the box
being formed by the spinal column, the front by the breastbone and the sides by
the ribs.
The
ribs are twenty-four in number, twelve on each side, and emerge from each side
of the spinal column. The upper seven pair are known as "true ribs,"
being fastened to the breastbone direct, while the lower five pairs are called
(false ribs) or "floating ribs," because they are not so fastened,
the upper two of them being fastened by cartilage to the other ribs, the
remainder having no cartilages, their forward ends being free.
The
ribs are moved in respiration by two superficial muscular layers, known as the
intercostal muscles. The diaphragm, the muscular partition before alluded to,
separates the chest box from the abdominal cavity.
In
the act of inhalation the muscles expand the lungs so that a vacuum is created
and the air rushes in in accordance with the well known law of physics.
Everything depends upon the muscles concerned in the process of respiration,
which we may as, for convenience, term the "respiratory muscles."
Without the aid of these muscles the lungs cannot expand, and upon the proper
use and control of these muscles the Science of Breath largely depends. The
proper control of these muscles will result in the ability to attain the
maximum degree of lung expansion, and the greatest amount of the life giving
properties of the air into the system.
The
Yogis classify Respiration into four general methods, viz:
(1)
High Breathing.
(2)
Mid Breathing.
(3)
Low Breathing.
(4)
Yogi Complete Breathing.
We
will give a general idea of the first three methods, and a more extended
treatment of the fourth method, upon which the Yogi Science of Breath is
largely based.
(1)
HIGH BREATHING.
This
form of breathing is known to the Western world as Clavicular Breathing, or
Collarbone Breathing. One breathing in this way elevates the ribs and raises
the collarbone and shoulders, at the same time drawing in the abdomen and
pushing its contents up against the diaphragm, which in turn is raised.
The
upper part of the chest and lungs, which is the smallest, is used, and
consequently but a minimum amount of air enters the lungs. In addition to this,
the diaphragm being raised, there can be no expansion in that direction. A
study of the anatomy of the chest will convince any student that in this way a
maximum amount of effort is used to obtain a minimum amount of benefit.
High
Breathing is probably the worst form of breathing known to man and requires the
greatest expenditure of energy with the smallest amount of benefit. It is an
energy-wasting, poor-returns plan. It is quite common among the Western races,
many women being addicted to It, and even singers, clergymen, lawyers and
others, who should know better, using it ignorantly.
Many
diseases of the vocal organs and organs of respiration may be directly traced
to this barbarous method of breathing, and the straining of delicate organs
caused by this method, often results in the harsh, disagreeable voices heard on
all sides. Many persons who breathe In this way become addicted to the
disgusting practice of "mouth-breathing" described in a preceding
chapter.
If
the student has any doubts about what has been said regarding this form of
breathing, let him try the experiment of expelling all the air from his lungs,
then standing erect, with hands at sides, let him raise the shoulders and
collar-bone and inhale. He will find that the amount of air inhaled far below normal.
Then let him inhale a full breath, after dropping the shoulders and
collar-bone, and he will receive an object lesson in breathing which he will be
apt to remember much longer than he would any words, printed or spoken.
(2)
MID BREATHING.
This
method of respiration is known to Western students as Rib Breathing, or
Inter-Costal Breathing, and while less objectionable than High Breathing, is
far inferior to either Low Breathing or to the Yogi Complete Breath. In Mid
Breathing the diaphragm is pushed upward, and the abdomen drawn in. The ribs
are raised somewhat, and the chest is partially expanded. It is quite common
among men who have made no study of the subject. As there are two better
methods known, we give it only passing notice, and that principally to call
your attention to its short-comings.
(3)
LOW BREATHING.
This
form of respiration is far better than either of the two preceding forms: and
of recent years many Western writers have extolled its merits, and have
exploited it under the names of "Abdominal Breathing," "Deep
Breathing," "Diaphragmatic Breathing," etc., etc., and much good
has been accomplished by the attention of the public having been directed to
the subject, and many having been Induced to substitute it for the interior and
injurious methods above alluded to. Many "systems" of breathing have
been built around Low Breathing, and students have paid high prices to learn
the new (?) systems. But, as we have said, much good has resulted, and after
all the students who paid high prices to learn revamped old systems undoubtedly
got their money's worth if they were Induced to discard the old methods of High
Breathing and Low Breathing.
Although
many Western authorities write and speak of this method as the best known form
of breathing, the Yogis know it to be but a part of a system which they have
used for centuries and which they know as "The Complete Breath." It
must be admitted, however, that one must be acquainted with the principles of
Low Breathing before he can grasp the idea of Complete Breathing.
Let
us again consider the diaphragm. What is it? We have seen that it is the great
partition muscle, which separates the chest and its contents from the abdomen
and its contents. When at rest it presents a concave surface to the abdomen. That
is, the diaphragm as viewed from the abdomen would seem like the sky as viewed
from the earth—the interior of an arched surface. Consequently the side of the
diaphragm toward the chest organs is like a protruding rounded surface—like a
hill. When the diaphragm is brought into use the hill formation is lowered and
the diaphragm presses upon the abdominal organs and forces out the abdomen.
In
Low Breathing, the lungs are given freer play than in the methods already
mentioned, and consequently more air is inhaled. This fact has led the majority
of Western writers to speak and write of Low Breathing (which they call
Abdominal Breathing) as the highest and best method known to science. But the
Oriental Yogi has long known of a better method, and some few Western writers
have also recognized this fact. The trouble with all methods of breathing,
other than "Yogi Complete Breathing" is that in none of these methods
do the lungs become filled with air—at the best only a portion of the lung
space is filled, even in Low Breathing. High Breathing fills only the upper
portion of the lungs. Mid Breathing fills only the middle and a portion of the
upper parts. Low Breathing fills only the lower and middle parts. It is evident
that any method that fills the entire lung space must be far preferable to
those filling only certain parts Any method which will fill the entire lung
space must be the greatest value to Man in the way of allowing him to absorb
the greatest quantity of oxygen and to store away the greatest amount of prana.
The Complete Breath is known to the Yogis to be the best method of respiration
known to science.
THE
YOGI COMPLETE BREATH.
Yogi
Complete Breathing includes all the good points of High Breathing, Mid
Breathing and Low Breathing, with the objectionable features of each
eliminated. It brings into play the entire respiratory apparatus, every part of
the lungs, every air-cell, every respiratory muscle. The entire respiratory
organism responds to this method of breathing, and the maximum amount of benefit
is derived from the minimum expenditure of energy. The chest cavity is
increased to its normal limits in all directions and every part of the
machinery performs its natural work and functions.
One
of the most important features of this method of breathing is the fact that the
respiratory muscles are fully called into play, whereas in the other forms of
breathing only a portion of these muscles are so used. In Complete Breathing,
among other muscles, those controlling the ribs are actively used, which increases
the space in which the lungs may expand, and also gives the proper support to
the organs when needed, Nature availing herself of the perfection of the
principle of leverage in this process. Certain muscles hold the lower ribs
firmly in position, while other muscles bend them outward.
Then
again, in this method, the diaphragm is under perfect control and is able to
perform its functions properly, and in such manner as to yield the maximum
degree of service.
In
the rib-action, above alluded to, the lower ribs are controlled by the
diaphragm which draws them slightly downward, while other muscles hold them in
place and the intercostal muscles force them outward, which combined action
increases the mid-chest cavity to its maximum. In addition to this muscular
action, the upper ribs are also lifted and forced outward by the intercostal
muscles, which increases the capacity of the upper chest to its fullest extent.
If
you have studied the special features of the four given methods of breathing,
you will at once see that the Complete Breath comprises all the advantageous
features of the three other methods, plus the reciprocal advantages accruing
from the combined action of the high-chest, mid-chest, and diaphragmatic
regions, and the normal rhythm thus obtained.
In
our next chapter, we will take up the Complete Breath in practice, and will
give full directions for the acquirement of this superior method of breathing,
with exercises, etc.
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